As of April 2025, governments around the world collectively own over 463,741 BTC, which accounts for approximately 2.3% of the total Bitcoin supply. According to CoinGecko, this figure has decreased from 529,591 BTC in July 2024, indicating active management of crypto assets by governments—from increasing reserves to selling them.
This is reported by Finway
Distribution of Bitcoin Reserves by Country
The United States remains the largest state owner of bitcoins, holding 198,012 BTC (equivalent to $18.77 billion at the time of writing). However, their holdings have decreased after liquidating part of their assets. In March 2025, President Donald Trump signed an executive order to create a strategic cryptocurrency reserve that consolidates confiscated assets.
The second largest holder is China with 194,000 BTC ($18.4 billion), mostly acquired after the liquidation of the PlusToken fraud scheme in 2019. The United Kingdom owns 61,000 BTC (nearly $5.8 billion), confiscated during financial crime investigations. The government is currently discussing the possibility of selling these assets to fund state needs.
Bhutan has accumulated 8,594 BTC ($815 million) through eco-friendly mining at hydropower plants. El Salvador is steadily increasing its reserves by purchasing 1 BTC daily, reaching 6,135 BTC ($581.6 million), while President Nayib Bukele continues to implement a strategy to integrate Bitcoin into the national economy.
“We are observing how countries use various strategies: from strategic purchases to liquidations to cover budget deficits,” experts noted.
Ukraine has received 256 BTC ($24.3 million) in donations, which have been fully allocated for military and humanitarian needs. Germany, on the other hand, sold all its 46,359 BTC in mid-2024, leading to a 15.7% drop in Bitcoin’s price. This exemplified the impact of large state sales on the market.
Additionally, public companies such as Metaplanet and Strategy are investing millions and billions of dollars, respectively, in Bitcoin purchases, while spot Bitcoin ETFs are experiencing record capital inflows for nearly half a year. Meanwhile, regulators in Switzerland, Australia, and South Korea are abandoning the creation of crypto reserves based on the first cryptocurrency, while Sweden is considering the possibility of forming a Bitcoin reserve from confiscated assets.