According to the updated “Damage and Needs Assessment for Recovery (RDNA5)”, the total cost of reconstruction and recovery efforts in Ukraine as of December 31, 2025, amounts to $588 billion. This figure covers the next decade and is nearly three times the projected nominal GDP of the country for 2025. The assessment was prepared by the Ukrainian government with the support of the World Bank Group, the European Commission, and the UN.
This is reported by Finway
Increase in Losses and Needs in Key Sectors
RDNA5 covers the period from February 24, 2022, to December 31, 2025, which is 46 months of full-scale aggression. Direct losses inflicted on Ukraine have already reached $195 billion, exceeding previous estimates of $176 billion (RDNA4) and $152 billion (RDNA3). The most affected sectors include housing, transportation, and energy infrastructure. Losses, damages, and needs remain concentrated primarily in frontline regions and major cities.
In the energy sector, which has suffered significant losses due to intensified attacks by Russian forces, the number of damaged or destroyed facilities has increased by 21% since the previous assessment. Among the destroyed assets are infrastructure for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, as well as centralized heating systems.
The transportation sector has also come under significant pressure: needs in this area have increased by 24% compared to RDNA4 due to intensified shelling of railways and ports throughout 2025. By the end of 2025, 14% of the country’s housing stock had been damaged or destroyed, adversely affecting over three million Ukrainian households.
“We are still managing to recover quickly and continue to develop. Support from the World Bank, the EU, and the UN helps us urgently repair our critical infrastructure so that the country continues to function, as well as continue systematic recovery efforts focused on energy projects and housing for our people,” said Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko.
Scale of Destruction and International Qualification of Russia’s Actions
The Russian Federation continues systematic strikes with various types of weapons on Ukrainian cities and civilian infrastructure across all regions. Ukrainian authorities and international organizations qualify these attacks as war crimes and emphasize their targeted nature. Special attention is given to shelling of life-support systems, medical facilities, and depriving the civilian population of basic living conditions, which is indicative of genocidal actions.
Legal experts, genocide researchers, and human rights defenders emphasize that Russia is committing crimes during the large-scale war that may fall under the definition of genocide: public calls for the destruction of Ukrainians, targeted strikes on infrastructure, deportation of children, persecution of bearers of Ukrainian culture, destruction of literary heritage, and more.
The Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, adopted by the UN General Assembly in 1948, imposes obligations on participating countries (currently 149) to prevent genocide and hold accountable those responsible for such crimes in both wartime and peacetime.
According to the Convention, genocide is defined as acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group. Signs of genocide include killing members of the group, causing serious bodily harm, creating conditions leading to the destruction of the group, preventing births, forcibly transferring children, and publicly inciting such actions.
The leadership of the Russian Federation denies the facts of targeted shelling of civilian infrastructure, casualties among the civilian population, and the destruction of medical, educational, and energy facilities on the territory of Ukraine.